EALC 23210 Spells, Talismans, Alchemy, Zen: Language and Religious Practice in China and Japan
We will explore pictures of the efficacies of ritual language featured across a range of East Asian religious practices. Sources examined will include religious scriptures, commentaries, ritual manuals, and art; philosophical, alchemical, and magical treatises; works of traditional poetics; Chan and Zen discourse records and essays; and a range of modern theorists of language, nonsense, and religion. All works will be in English. We will consider questions such as: why do some ritual utterances center passages in obscure foreign languages, or even simple nonsense? Why do some religious practices feature claims for the absolute accuracy, profundity, and magical potencies of scriptural language, while others are at least in part based on the idea that all language, in every way, always fails? Why are some religious texts written such that they seem not to mean what they say? Can a mere painting of a cake offer nourishment?